4.2 Verifiable Computation from Designated-Verifier SNARKs
4.3 Constructions of Designated-Verifier / Public-Verifier SNAKRKs from Strong QSPs
4.4 Zero-Knowledge SNARKs (including NIZKs) from Strong QSPs: How to Randomize Our SNARKs
4.5 Optimizations
4.5.1 Reducing the Verifier's Work without PCPs
4.5.2 Reducing the Verifier's Work with PCPs
4.5.3 Reducing the Verifier's Preprocessing: Combining Universal Circuits with the Hash Trick or PCPs
4.5.4 Even Shorter Proofs in the Designated-Verifier Setting
5 Security of Our Public-Verifier SNARK and NIZK
5.1 Assumptions
5.2 Lemmas
5.3 Security Theorem
6 Security: the Designated-Verifier Case
6.1 Assumptions
6.2 Security Theorem
7 Quadratic Programs for Arithmetic Circuits
7.1 Definitions: QAP and Strong QAP
7.2 QAPs for Arithmetic Circuits with One Multiplication Gate
7.3 Composition of QAPs, and QAPs for General Arithmetic Circuits
7.4 Illustration of a QP for a Simple Arithmetic Circuit
7.5 QAP Efficiency Considerations
8 SNARK Construction from QAP
8.1 Zero-Knowledge SNARKs (including NIZKs) from QAP
8.2 Designated-Verifier SNARK from QAP
9 Conclusions and Open Questions
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翻訳抄
Rosario Gennaro, Craig Gentry, Bryan Parno, Mariana Raykova, Quadratic Span Programs and Succient NIZKs without PCPs, In Advances in Cryptology-EUROCRYPT 2013, 32nd Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Athens, Greece, May 26-30, 2013. Proceedings, pp.626-645 (2013)